Roofing felt and similar fabrics



(No Model.) A A 3 Sheets-.Sheet 1.

J. JOWITT. APPARATUS POR MAKING .ROPINGPELT AND SMILARFABRIS.

Patented Jan. 8, 1884.

' 'INVENTOR;

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' (NoMoael.) 3 sheets-sheets.

J. JOWITT. A APPARATUS FOB. MAKING ROOPING FELT AND SIMILAR FABRIQS. Nq. 291,600. i PatentedJan. 8, 1884;

WITN EssEs; "NVE-m93 By his .lttn-Wneys,

T@No Model.) a sheets-snm s.,

J. JO'WITT.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOPING FELT AND SIMILAR FABRICS. No. 291,600. vfPatented Jan. 8,1884.

-WlTfN ESSES; 'Y 'NVENTORZ 'Wm Klei/ gli By his ./ttomeys,

othcrSimilar Fabrics,l of which the following It is in the main an improvement on the mar is a similar view,sho\\ing a modified construe- A fabricis to be treated. l

A rolls of paper, which are to form the outer -layersofthe felt. The web of fabric a' c from -My improved apparatus is designed chiefly ployed for the manufacture of three-ply felt.

providing suitable bearings for the rotating cylinders E.

Artnr rrrflrf Josran l.Iowrrfry on STANLEY, -Nnw Maser.v

APPARATUS` tot MAKING Rotate-FELT AND sn/HLAR FABRICS.

" NSPCIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,600, dated January Si, libia-f V i A i m Application filed April 3, 1883. (No model.) i v i `To coZZ whommay concern.-

Beit known that I, JosrAH Jowrrr,A a citi zen of the United States, residing at Stanley, inthe county,` of Morris and Stafteof` New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in Apparatus for` Making Roofing-Felt and is a speciiication.

for the', manufacture of three-ply roofing-felt from tarred paper, but it is also applicable to the treating or ,saturating of single webs 4or thicknesses of paper or other fabrics with tar, pitch, or other substances, and to the manufacture of two-ply building or roofing paper.

4chine illustrated in my application, No. 80,566, filed December 30, 18,82%

Figure l of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation of my improved machine eni- Fig. 2 is a plan thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinalmidsection thereof. Fig. 4 is a Iig. 5 is avertical section of this roll, cut in the plane ofthe line 5 5 in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a similarview to `Fig, showing the machine arranged for making two-ply felt; and Fig. 7

tion. A n

Referring first to Figs. l to 8, let A A designate the fixed frame-work ofthe machine,

parts.4 r

B is the tanlrcontaining the tar, pitch, or other substancewith which the paper or other G is a steam-coil in said tank, or other means of heating the contents thereof.

D D'arehollow pressure-rolls, heated by the introduction of steam to their interiors, geared together, anddriven by power, andlilis a dry- ,ingcylindeig which is also heated by steam and driven by power. rlherc may be one or more F isa roll of paperor other fabric, which is to formthe middle or inner layer of the three-ply felt,and G and Gf2 are two other therollF is `carried over a series of dandy-- rolls, c c, to give it the requisite tension, de-

passes around a roller, d, which is immersed therein,` ascends thence to and passes between the rolls D D, passes thence over the dry1ng- .cylinder E, thence around a fixed or non-rota Y tive steam roller or pipe, e, and extends thence to the winding-roll H. lllhe web of fabric d from the roll G passes over' dandy or tension 'rolls ff, thence around asteani-roller, g, and

scends thenceinto the liquid in thetanl: n

`thence to the winding-roll H. The web b2 from the roll G2 passes over a roller, I, revolving in 4a tank or trough, t', passes thence arounda steam-roller, h, thence in nearly horizontal direetion to and around a steamroller, h', and thenceto the windingroll H.

In making threefply rooting-felt, three rolls of felt paper are lirst treated independently, to

`make them water and weatherproof, by passfully described in thc patent of George S.Page,`

granted July 20, 1880, No. 230,148. The three rolls having thus been saturated with tar, they are combined into three-ply felt bylplacing them in the machine, as shown, and winding all threelwebs upon the winding-rolllH together. Coal-tar pitch is placed in the tank B and heated, and the inner web, ct, is passed through it, and thereby coated with the pitch, and the three webs are rolled togetherwhile this pitch is still warm and adhesive,whereby the inner webis cemented to boththe outer ones. This process is more fully describedin :my application for patent on improvements in roofing-felt and its manufacture,7 executed simultaneously herewith.

Heretofore the roofing-felt or other fabric has been-wound up on a metal shaft set in bearings in the machine. The end of theweb or strip was secured to this shaft by being Npressed, by means of a rod, into a longitudinal groove in the shaft, and it was then wound up by applying power to rotate the` shaft, and when sufficient material was then wound upon the roll the shaft was removed from its bear- IOO ings and withdrawn from the roll by pulling it out longitudinally, after rst drawing` out the rod. The cavity thus left in the roll was then filled by driving in a wooden roller, in order that the roll should not be collapsed by the pressure applied to it in storage and transit.

;.-,groove-and-rod fastening, thereby rendering thisportion of the roll useless and a waste to the consumer. To obviate these defects I have designed the improved construction of winding-roll shown in Figs-1 and 5. short shafts, J and J, are mounted in long bearings on the twoside frames of the machine, one shaft lbeing in each bearing, and

' bothbeing'in the same axial line. The shaft in Fig. A4, and to the right in Fig. 5. position it is held by locking the lever to a J is confined by collars or shoulders, so that it cannot moveendwise, and has fixed on` it a belt-pulley, K, or a gear, or other means by 'which power may be applied to rotate it. The

shaft J lis capable of sliding longitudinally a Ashort distance in its bearing, and is operated by a lever, L, to which is pivoted a collar, Z, which enters between shoulders on the shaft, and remains stationary while the shaft rotates within it. The shaft is shown slid to the left In either curved arm, 7c, by inserting a pin through coinciding holes in the lever and arm, or by any suitable lock or latch. The ends of the shafts J J which are nearest each other are formed into cups or sockets j j', and are separated to a distance at least equaling the width of the material to be made on the machine.

M is a bar or roller, preferably of wood, the ends of which fit into the cups]- j', and which is or may be a counterpart of those heretofbre used to drive into the finished roll. Before commencing to wind up a roll, the shaft J is moved to the position shown in Fig. 5, aroller, M, is inserted at one end in the cup j, and the shaft J is moved to the left until its cup j incloses the other end of the roller, and the latter is tightly clamped longitudinally between the two shafts. To prevent the turning ofthe roller ends in the cups, the latter are provided with teeth which engage and indent the wood. Upon power being` applied to turn the shaft J, the roller M and the shaft J turn with it. and by attaching the end of the felt or other fabric to the roller M it will be wound thereon. This attachment is effected by simply'rolling the end of the felt around the roller, u-ntil itis caught under the web, when the friction becomes sufficient to insure its rolling upd VI thus dispense with the complicated and troublesome groove and rod heretofore used, and avoid the crimping of the fabric near the Two end of the roll, which results from the use of that fastening, and which renders the end portion of the fabric unfit for use. When the entire roll is wound upon the roller M, the rotation is stopped, the shaft J moved to the right, and the roller M taken out of the machine. The roll is then ready for use or sale. Another roller M is placed in the machine, and the operation proceeds. The shaft J may also have power applied to rotate it, if necessary, or it may be non-rotative, and the roller M may rotate in the cup j. Instead of cups j j', points or spurs may be used; but I prefer cups, because they insure the correct centering of the roller M.

The above-described device is very similar' to that commonly employed in winding cloth and ribbons. l

The most important feature of my invention consists ofthe steam-rollersg and h, over which the outer webs, b b2, pass, and by which these webs are heated before they come in contactwith ,the middle web, a, which has received the coating of pitch. By thus heating the outer webs they are prevented from chilling the pitch, and the latter is kept warm andad-4 hesive, so that the thorough cementation of the three webs is assured. Heretofore only the inner web has been heated, and in cold weather difficulty is often experienced in keep, ing the coating of pitch warm enough to be sufficiently adhesive. The roller h may be asteamrollerin place of or in addition to the rollerh. In laying roofing-felt it is customary forthe roofers to paint it after it is in place, and then sand it upon the fresh paint. This is an operation of some difficulty, and I therefore propose to paint and sand the felt during the manufacture. For this purpose I have provided mechanism for applying paint and sand to the web b2, which is the one that is rolled up toward the center of the roll. This lmechanism is best shown in Fig. 3. The' roller I and tank t', already referred to, constitute the painting device.` The paint, varnish, cement, or other material employed is placed in the tank t', and the roller I takes it up and applies it to the surface of the web b2. In passing around the steam-roller h, this paint is partially dried, but stillremains somewhat adhesive. Vith some kinds of paint it may be preferable to not heat the roller h. From this roller the web passes nearly horizontally to the roller h', and in so doing a layer of sand is sifted upon it from a sieve or screen, N. This sieve is vibrated or agitated by any suitable mechanism-such as a crank and pitmanwhich I have not thought it necessary to show. A portion of the sand adheres to the freshlypainted surface, and the remainder drops off while the fabric is bending around'the rol-ler 7i', and falls into a trough, m, placed beneath this roller. Thus all superfluous 'sand is removed. y i In making two-ply felt it is preferable to sand the web b, which joins the web a from IOO IIO

i, below, as shownin Fig. `6', in which case the l I claim as my inventionbeneath. i

` eancoo s winding-roll should revolve in the opposite direction. The `web. b Winds off the roll G,

extends to the roller f, thence back over the printing-roller I to the roller f', thence i horizontally beneath the sanding-sieve N to the steam-roller g, and thence to the Windingroll,

thesanded surface in this last excursion being inverted, so that the excess of sand drops off into the sieve or ontoI the portion of the web In making two-ply felt I do not pass the Web a through a bath of pitch, but apply the pitch to one side only, in the manner shown in Fig. 6. A tank, p, (shown best in Figs. l

, and 2,) is iixed on the machine, and when tWofply felt is to be made a roller, I?, is placed in bearings formed on or above this tank, and the pitch is placed in the tank and suitably heated. As the webct passes over this roller,

y after having lirst been heated by the rolls D D, it causes the roller to rotate in the tank over thecylinder E and joins the web b, the

i two being cemented together by the interven- `ing coating of pitch. I thus make one machine serve for` making ing applied to the upper web. a.

either two or three plyfabrics.

Fig. 7 shows a modified machine arranged formaking two-ply sanded felt, the sand be- This web, after leaving the cylinder E and roller e, passes under a revolving painting-roller, I, which formsithe bottom of a tank or vessel, i, containing the paint. Passing beyond this, the web receives a sprinkling of sand from asieve, N, and beyond this sieve it passes under a rotary brush, Q, Which sweeps off the loose sand and throws the "latter back toward the sieve.

I am aware that machines have been proposed for applyingan adhesive substance to a passingstrip of paper, and then sand to this 5 `and I do not broadly claim the herein clel. In a machine for making roofing-felt and similar fabrics, Vthe combination, with the means for applying a coating of hot pitch or other cementing substance to a web or layer,

` and for partially drying the same, of a steamheated roller or rollers, over which one or more oth er Webs are passed before being rolled into contactwith the coated web or layer,

Wh ereby the coating of pitch is rendered Warm and adhesive, and the thorough cementatiou ofthe Webs or layers is effected, substantially ing roofing-felt and similar fabrics, of the means described for applying pitch or other ceinenting material to one web, the steamheated rollers for partially drying the said cement, the means described for applying paintto the exterior face of one web, the means described for applying sand to the painted surface of said web, and the steamheated roller for heating or Warming the other or non-coated Web before it is brought into contact with the cement on the coated web, all arranged to operatesubstantially as set forth.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ARTHUR C. FRASER, HENRY CONNETT. 

